Archive for the 'History' Category

Speaking of Romania…

While I have been on the subject of Romania, news of a dissident named Monica Lovinescu who risked her life and was almost killed during Nicolae’s rule died April 21, 2008 at the age of 85 (International Herald Tribune). The entire article is a very good read, so make sure to read the whole thing.

A commentary of Monica Lovinescu on Radio Free Europe.

I never heard of her until a few days ago, but her story is very gripping and how the voices of freedom are directly threatened by a repressive regime. She was not alone. According to the video posted a few moments ago, that tells tales of North Korean defectors and human rights advocates risking life getting information to North Koreans. It is almost a certainty other dissidents from other countries had the same fears or even died from speaking out inside and outside. Monica Lovinescu, despite the attempt on her life and being in a come got back on her feet and continued to pierce the iron curtain inside Nicolae Ceausescu’s state. According to International Herald Tribune:

Romanian philosopher Gabriel Liiceanu has said he was told by a senior intelligence officer that her broadcasts angered Ceausescu so much that in 1977 he told Romania’s secret service: “Let’s shut her up! Let’s break her into pieces! Let’s break her teeth, jaw and break her hands so she can never write or speak again.”

Later that year, Lovinescu was severely beaten in front of her home in Paris, leaving her in a coma with head injuries. Ion Pacepa, who served as deputy head of foreign intelligence under Ceausescu before defecting in 1978, has said the beating was carried out by two men acting on Ceausescu’s orders. Lovinescu later recovered and returned to broadcasting for Radio Free Europe.

Ceausescu was overthrown and executed in 1989, and Lovinescu continued her work with Radio Free Europe until 1992.

Emphasis mine. What does this have to do with North Korea? Much like old communist Romania, it was those who risked life for the sake of freedom for others who changed everything. Much like CNN’s documentary, they discuss those sending information in, and those sending information out. With the war of the words, telling people inside things can get better if they work together for a common good can bring even the most hard-line of dictators down. People like Monica Lovinescu were instrumental in that fight even if it takes a really long time for results to appear. Eventually, people got the courage to stand up and make real change. This led to the only violent end to a leader during the breakup of the communist rule in Eastern Europe.

Communist Romania’s end gives me great hope that it does not necessarily need outside intervention to finally bring an end to Kim Jong Il’s crumbling state. It is my belief with enough poverty, repression, starvation and abuse people will not take it anymore. When the army finally turned the guns on the dictator, it was all over. While nobody knows when and how North Korea will end, the end is inevitable. As I said before, the cracks are showing, and it is only a matter of time before it all comes crashing down.

As said before, I think a lot can be learned from the former regimes that are now long gone, and not just Romania. If we look to other uprisings and change (no, not Barack Obama style, thank you) maybe it can inspire those inside toiling under the iron grip of a repressive ruler with the help of strong voices that truly care for them. North Korea may be the biggest challenge yet, but with enough work, determination, love and perseverance, people can look forward to a better life away from Juche.

What will it take? People disagree on the methodology employed to make change whether it is forceful change, engagement, pressure, sanctions or whatever, one thing is certain. Normal people help bring that change. Even after the North Korean state is gone, it will take a long time and a lot of work to eventually bring reunification. We may well be in the beginnings of that, and perhaps the truth will come to light.

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Questions to readers: Inter-Korean propaganda museum

New York Times has an interesting article regarding a museum with a collection of propaganda during the Korean War to 2000. Some things in this article were not known to me, so I guess it may be worth to look up some this stuff. I know Richardson has a better handle on propaganda, so he may have a little more insight on this. At any rate:

CHONGSON, South Korea — In early April, when North Korea called President Lee Myung-bak of South Korea an “impostor,” a “traitor” and an “American running dog,” the verbal barbs sounded all too familiar to Jin Yong-seon. He has a museum filled with them.

Link mine. The barbs are still traded, but it seems not on the same level as before as I would later learn in the little research I did. I am sure there is a lot more, so I will dig some more.

Continue reading ‘Questions to readers: Inter-Korean propaganda museum’

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North Korean Oddities: USS Pueblo

USS PuebloThe USS Pueblo itself is not the oddity as it is the propaganda value of the ship that sits as a trophy in Pyongyang. On every travelogue I have seen be it photos or video showcase this captured ship. For the sake of my own research and to have it as a reference for later, I will post it here today. This is probably well-known and may be yawn-inducing for most North Korea watchers and/or military history buffs. Therefore, if this posting is redundant, please forgive me, and I promise to make a better oddity later.

Google Map location of the USS Pueblo

The basic facts of the ship:

[...]

The third Pueblo (AGER–2), built for the Army Transportation Corps as FP–344, a general purpose supply vessel, by the Kewaunee Shipbuilding and Engineering Corp., Kewaunee, Wise., was launched 16 April 1944; sponsored by Mrs. C. L. Duvall; and delivered to the Army 5 July 1944. Later redesignated FS–344, the supply vessel served in the Philippines as an Army harbor craft. She was taken out of service in 1954 and laid up, first at Clatskanie, Ore., then at Rio Vista, Calif. No longer needed by the Army she was transferred to the Navy 12 April 1966; renamed Pueblo (AKL–44), 18 June 1966; converted to an environmental research vessel at the Puget Sound Naval Shipyard; redesignated AGER–2 2 May 1967; and commissioned 13 May 1967, Comdr. Lloyd M. Bucher in command.

Following shakedown and operations off the west coast, Pueblo departed San Diego 6 November 1967, enroute to Pearl Harbor and Yokosuka, Japan. Arriving at the latter 1 December, Pueblo was assigned to intelligence and oceanographic data collection duties in the Sea of Japan. On 23 January 1968, while in international waters, the ship was closed by a North Korean patrol boat and ordered to heave to or be fired upon. Pueblo continued on. Additional patrol craft later joined the first and, after firing on Pueblo and wounding four of her crew, boarded the AGER and took her into Wonsan harbor. Her 80 surviving crew members and two civilian oceanographers, held captive for 11 months, were released at Panmunjom 23 December 1968.

Added links are mine. The capture was well covered and I will get to that in a moment, but what is interesting is the North Korean line found on the Woodrow Wilson Cold War Archives.

Record 1:

The DPRK capture of American spy ship, the Pueblo, and the support by the Soviet Union were discussed. Soviet Union assures the DPRK that they have taken extensive measures within the United Nations Security Council; The possible support by Afro-American nations on the Security Council, and the use of the Soviet’s veto power regarding the matter.

Record 2:

A memorandum regarding the incursion of the US’s military vessel, Pueblo, in the Korean waters. The US increased deployment of miliatry forces to the East; The DPRK and Soviet Union’s react to this mobilization. The DPRK and Soviet Union discuss intentions on strenghtening ties with one another.

Record 3:

DPRK diplomat, Chon Tu-hwan expresses his satisfaction about the mutual relationship between the DPRK and the Soviet Union. He discusses the Pueblo incident, and remarks on the increased tension on the Korean peninsula and in the far east. A.N. Kosgygin describes in frank detail, the continuous economic co-operation that the Soviet Union has with the DPRK.

Also, here are some videos for your viewing pleasure:

Oh and do not forget the Vice Guide to North Korea’s version of the USS Pueblo (Thanks for the suggestion Mike)

History Channel

Continue reading ‘North Korean Oddities: USS Pueblo’

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Interview: Soviet Subversion of the Free World Press (Update)

Note: I was reluctant to embed this video because of the warning at the beginning of the film. This post may go away if somebody complains, and to be sure, please check out the official site and consider buying the DVD which is not that bad of a price to begin with. As with all videos on this blog, if something is a problem, and somebody wants me to remove anything, please let me know, and I will remove it promptly.

On Patruped’s blog, this video was embedded, and I could not help but to be riveted by the contents. This is a video about Yuri Bezmenov, a former Soviet propagandist for the KGB who defected in 1970. This video was made in 1985 shortly before the fall of communism in the USSR in 1991. In my opinion, the contents are very interesting and Yuri makes some interesting forecasts which some did come true such as the inevitable fall of communism in the USSR. It has a clear right-leaning bias, but if one chooses to see through the bias and see it for the historical context it is worth a watch. Does it mean I disagree with the bias? No, not really, but I am in no position to make an informed opinion. Just watch it and decide for yourself as to the contents.

As I research this more, I may add additional thoughts.

Update: After a good-hearted debate, there are no other thoughts to add to this video. Enjoy the video one and all.

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Rare footage from Hapo: A trip by Kim Il Sung to Poland in 1956 and the death of Kim Il Sung

Related post

Here is something I have been looking for quite a while, and as usual, hapo finds all the good stuff. Therefore, big hat tip to him for finding it. This is very unreal, and is in three parts. I cannot say if to enjoy it or not because it is very head scratching.

Part 1:

Part 2:

Part 3:

…and the trip of Kim Il Sung to Poland in 1956:

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Psychological profile of Adolf Hitler: Is there one for Kim Jong Il or Kim Il Sung?

Here is an interesting documentary about Adolf Hitler. I do not know who made the documentary, but that is not important. What this discussed was the psychological profile of Adolf Hitler. Apparently, this was never done before, but some shocking predictions were made based on his behavior and past. These were accurate from the documentary’s point of view.

One of the people discussing this profile is a man named Jerrold M. Post. Apparently, he never saw the analysis much later.

Now, what is interesting, and what I would like to know is, are there profiles of Kim Jong Il, Kim Il sung or the other cronies inside the regime? I am sure if there is such a thing, it is not for public consumption, but it would be very interesting to see something like that.

Continue reading ‘Psychological profile of Adolf Hitler: Is there one for Kim Jong Il or Kim Il Sung?’

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Video: The fable and reality of Kim Jong Il’s birth

(Hat tip: Hapo) I have written in the past how Kim Jong Il and Kim Il sung came into power, and to this day, cannot find the story of the double rainbow that appeared in the sky. If anybody knows where official sources are, that would be fantastic. Anyway, hapo found a strange video about Kim Jong Il’s birth as it is officially and from history. Granted, little is known about his early life or his father’s life for that matter, some things are known. So the question to readers is, what is the real story behind Kim Jong Il’s early life? We may never know, but is interesting to speculate all the same.

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Question to readers: History of Korean partisanship

This article on the DailyNK got me thinking and am having a little trouble on where to find resources on the history of Korean partisanship.

In South Korean society, issues of human rights and democracy in North Korea are over-politicized.

There is a popular stereotype in which proponents of North Korea’s human rights are deemed politically the right or the conservative while opponents considered as left or progressive. In the National Assembly, Grand National Party is regarded as pro-North Korean human rights and the United New Democratic Party (former Uri Party) more or less neglects North Korean human rights (or at least seen like that by the South Korean public).

Also in the U.S. society, the issue of North Korean human rights violation is politicized. The ones getting involved and pushing for North Korean human rights are none other than the Republicans.

There is a socio-historic root of politicization of North Korean human rights issue instead of it being recognized as universal value.

While it would be nice to have the human rights issue as non-partisan, I have noticed this may be a pipe dream. Maybe the goal is to one day have everybody recognize human rights as a universal value. With that said, I went to look for information about this divide. If any readers can point me in the right direction for research or wish to discuss this divide, feel free to do so.

Thank you so much for your help.

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Video time: The Real Dr. Evil - Kim Jong Il of North Korea

I would like to apologize for the lack of posts, but today, I will like to post this documentary from the BBC. Enjoy!

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North Korean oddities: Hamhung little information

Hamhung Theater?I ran into a picture of the largest theater in North Korea in Hamhung. I went on Google Earth to find it, but it seems like most of the terrain is fuzzy. I am speculating that is away from the beaten path from outsiders and I have not seen any travelogues with a lot of information. Here is a little information I could find:

* In somewhat recent news, 40 residents in Hamhung (Along with some party members in Pyongyang):

[...]

Separately, five traders were also executed by a firing squad before some 40 residents in Hamhung city on the North’s east coast on Dec. 8, Good Friends said. The five were accused of drug trafficking, according to the group.

[...]

* A defector recounts serious famine in Hamhung.

* The Washington Post has an interesting article about Hamhung and other areas not seen by outsiders. So this suggests Hamhung is among those cities:

[...]

You can start at Hamhung’s local hospital, a dilapidated, cavernous 1,000-bed facility without lights, where the stench of urine fills the dark corridors, and patients recovering from surgery writhe in pain on dirty sheets in unheated rooms. There are no antibiotics, no intravenous drips and no stretchers, so workers carry patients on their backs. There were only 250 patients during a recent visit; few sick people bother coming, since the hospital has no food and no medicine.

[...]

From the hospital, travel across this city past gray cement buildings that look half-finished or simply abandoned, past lots strewed with broken-down Soviet-era trucks that cannot be started because there are no spare parts. Then drive down narrow, winding mud roads until you reach the Hamhung orphanage and talk to its director, Choi Kwang Oak.

The orphanage is divided into several small rooms, with playpens for the smallest infants. Almost all the children are malnourished, with browning hair, bald patches on their scalps and sores on their heads and faces. The most severely malnourished are listless and unresponsive.

There are 198 children under age 4 at the orphanage, and about 20 percent are expected to die because they arrived too late to be helped. About 70 percent of the children here were orphaned when their parents died of malnutrition or disease, Choi said. The other 30 percent simply were abandoned and left for dead by parents too poor and too hungry to feed them.

“Some parents just put them outside on the street and leave them to nature,” Choi said. “Sometimes people pick them up and bring them here.” And other times? “They just die.”

The orphanage is surrounded by high hills covered with graves and stone markers. It is an old burial ground, she said. But there are also many new graves.

The scenes of deprivation and hardship go on and on. There is a massive 1950s-era hotel in the town, but it is cold and apparently empty. Since power is rationed, the electricity has been turned off.

There are factories here, but they stand idle. No smoke comes from the chimneys; there is no activity inside the gates. Outside, people mill around, apparently with little to do. Nearly everyone here — hospital workers, hotel employees, even the official government guides — talked openly about the fuel shortage and lack of electricity.

[...]

And the list of hardships go on and on. No wonder visitors are not allowed to visit too often.

Continue reading ‘North Korean oddities: Hamhung little information’

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Some footage of Pyongyang after the Korean War

Here is an interesting video with what I consider some pretty rare footage (If there is more, please let me know). When the footage was taken is not known to me, but it looks like after the Korean War and what seems to be when they started rebuilding. Anyway, it is still worth the watch:

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North Korean oddities: Victorious Fatherland Liberation War Museum

War MuseumNo tour of the DPRK is complete without stopping by the Victorious Fatherland Liberation War Museum in Pyongyang. I did a little research on it, and while there is not a huge amount of information on it, I will post what I can regarding it. For those that have visited this oddity, please feel free to add your own thoughts, experiences and corrections to this posting, please do so.

On the right is the Google Earth image of the museum, and you can see the little details and a bird’s eye view of it. There are other pictures of the inside, but since almost all the pictures are copyrighted by the authors of the pictures, I will simply link the images to the page and not re-upload them here. If you are the author of some of these images and grant permission for DPRK Forum to use them, I would be grateful, and please say so in the comments. Otherwise, you will have to see them over there. However, there is a nice YouTube video of the tour, but this particular video not show the rotating war room:

Typarker gives some account of this museum:

In North Korea, the Korean War is called the Victorious Fatherland Liberation War, and our next stop was the Victorious Fatherland Liberation War Museum. The museum was interesting in that it was a physical representation of all of the anti-American feelings we War Museum had heard since being there. It was definitely worth seeing, but completely filled my quota of Korean-War-from-a-North-Korean-perspective talks I’d need for a while.

That is all fair and good, but what is the history behind this thing? I dug around, and it was very difficult to find. There is a brief description on the KCNA page:

Pyongyang, August 17 (KCNA) — 45 years have passed since the victorious Fatherland Liberation War Museum was established. The museum systematically shows the enduring feats of the President Kim Il Sung in leading the Fatherland Liberation War (June 1950-july 1953) to victory. Its predecessor, the fatherland liberation war memorial,was opened to public on August 17, 1953, and expanded into the present victorious Fatherland Liberation War Museum in April Juche 63 (1974). It is located on the Pothong River. It has 80 odd rooms. On display there are materials showing the feats the President performed in the army building during the anti-Japanese revolutionary struggle and the democratic revolution. Exhibited are data on military achievements made by all arms and services of the Korean People’s Army on several stages of operations during the Fatherland Liberation War and materials showing the struggle of people in the rear. Also exhibited are materials on the brutal atrocities of the U.S. imperialists and their defeat. The museum has over 70 semi-panoramic pictures and model boards, among them halls with a cyclorama on the operation of liberating Taejon and a semi-panoramic picture on the battle of attack on height 351. On the occasion of the 40th anniversary of the War Victory Day, the monument to victory in the Fatherland Liberation War was built on a large scale in the vicinity of the museum. War veterans are now working as lecturers at the museum. The museum has been visited so far by nearly 17 million people since its opening.

That is some information about the history, but since this is the KCNA, of course, propaganda is interwoven. So much for fair and balanced reporting. If other readers have information on the history of this oddity, please let me know.

Some links to pictures and accounts:

Account 1

Pictures of a trip to the DPRK including the war museum

KFA pictures

Account 2

Account 3 This part was pretty funny to read:

[...]
The War Museum in Pyongyang serves to promulgate the North Korean version of the war. We were met by a stout museum guide who, like almost all of her colleagues in NK, spoke no English (our guides translated) and seemed to be delivering a memorized monologue. The tour took about 2 hours, but I think it could’ve easily have been shortened to one hour if they just said ‘Kim Il Sung’ instead of `The Supreme Leader Generalissimo Kim Il Sung’ and `America’ instead of `The Imperialist American Aggressor’.
[...]

There are other accounts, but a more comprehensive history may be a little better. On the other hand, such information may be a little hard to come by.

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Cold War series #5: Korea

This is the Korea segment of the Cold War series on Google Video. If this is not allowed to be posted here, please let me know. Otherwise, enjoy:

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J. Edgar Hoover and mass jailings?

I ran into a pretty odd story on Google News today:

A newly declassified document shows that J. Edgar Hoover, the longtime director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, had a plan to suspend habeas corpus and imprison some 12,000 Americans he suspected of disloyalty.

(I removed links, added emphasis and linked to the declassified document) We do remember the McCarthy era, and while that is a very touchy subject, I will try to avoid the partisan divide and the possible conspiracy theories linked to this story. I do have my opinions on the McCarthy era, that is not really the focus of this posting. With explosive topics such as this, I will let the reader make his or her own mind up as to the implications of such moves past and present, because from that, we can decide for ourselves how the future will be and I will leave it a that.

The purpose of this article is to show the historical documents for you folk to sift through. There are many declassified documents in the PDF linked, so you will have more than enough time to read it and see the whole thing for yourself. It will take me a while to read it all, and the letter in question is found on pages 18-20:

Continue reading ‘J. Edgar Hoover and mass jailings?’

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North Korean oddities: DMZ Tunnels

DMZ TunnelOne of the more interesting oddities I have read about are the tunnels under the DMZ.

According to north Korean defectors, Kim Il-Sung — president of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea — issued a sweeping order in the early 1970s that required every Korean People’s Army division along the Demilitarized Zone to dig and maintain at least two tunnels into South Korea. The opposing United Nations Command had been aware of an earlier north Korean tunneling effort that never became an actuality, but was surprised when new evidence came up that indicated the north was hard at work underground again.

(Emphasis mine) I do not know where the source of this information is, but I am very interested in finding it. Since the DPRK side will obviously have no information on such projects, it would be interesting to read any declassified information on these tunnels. If anybody has any good source material, let me know. This goes on to say:

On November 15, 1974 (Subscription) while in operation in the western DMZ near Korangpo, allied reconnaissance troops found steam rising from the earth’s surface indicating that a tunnel was present underneath the DMZ. The tunnels depth is believed to be some 45 meters, has a total length of 3,500 meters of which 1,000 meters invaded into the DMZ. The tunnel is along a course that would have exiting soldiers heading towards Korango, Uijongbu and is some 65 km from Seoul, 8 km northeast of Korangpo. It has a prefabricated wall of concrete and slate. When discovered, there were 220-volt and 60-watt lamps, electric lines, railways, and track vehicles. The ground is inclined by 5 degrees to the north to prevent water from gathering. There are turning points on the railroad. The tunnel is large enough to allow the transit of a regiment of troops and heavy artillery every hour.

Pretty impressive if you ask me. I am not sure if people visiting the DMZ get to see these tunnels. I am pretty certain the North side does not conduct such tours, but I could be wrong. The other tunnel discoveries are found in this article (Subscription).

More information on the tunnels are here, here, here(Small blurbs and a map) and here (PDF: This also gives a list of provocations by the North. An interesting read).

I can barely imagine the man-hours, intensive labor and the horrors of working on these tunnels. The risk must of been very great, and at least the first tunnel caused loss of life when investigating these tunnel from the South side. As for the North, I can only speculate, but the work must of been very hard.

Do other readers know more about this oddity? I would be truly grateful.

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